What is an OPT and how does it work for F-1 students?

Optional Practical Training (OPT) is a period of authorized employment for F-1 students that allows them to gain practical experience directly related to their major area of study. Students are eligible for up to 12 months of OPT, which can be used before graduation (pre-completion OPT) or after (post-completion OPT). Most students use the full 12 months after completing their degree.

To apply for OPT, you must request a recommendation from your Designated School Official (DSO), who updates your SEVIS record. You then file Form I-765 with USCIS to receive an Employment Authorization Document (EAD). You should apply 90 days before your graduation date and no earlier. USCIS recommends applying well in advance as processing times can exceed three months.

F-1 students who graduate with a degree in a STEM field (science, technology, engineering, or mathematics) from an USCIS-approved list may apply for a 24-month STEM OPT extension, bringing total post-completion OPT to 36 months. During STEM OPT, employers must be enrolled in E-Verify and meet training plan requirements.

This is general information only, not legal advice. Consult a qualified immigration lawyer or registered migration agent for your specific situation.